挑(tiao)战不(bu)可避免(mian)，但能源转型大趋(qu)势不(bu)可逆转。

世界已经(jing)进入(ru)了(le)一个全新(xin)的时(shi)代(dai)(dai)，这就是低(di)碳(tan)时(shi)代(dai)(dai)。曾经(jing)为(wei)石油企业创(chuang)造效益(yi)的“三(san)高(gao)一低(di)”产出模式，必(bi)然被高(gao)科技、高(gao)环保、高(gao)成长、低(di)排放(fang)的新(xin)型产出方(fang)式所替代(dai)(dai)。所以，企业必(bi)须成为(wei)新(xin)能源探索者(zhe)(zhe)、提(ti)供者(zhe)(zhe)，低(di)碳(tan)发(fa)展(zhan)是企业通向未来的必(bi)由之(zhi)路。

“坚(jian)持(chi)生(sheng)产侧(ce)(ce)与消费(fei)(fei)侧(ce)(ce)同(tong)步发(fa)力、上(shang)下游联(lian)动(dong)推进能(neng)(neng)源绿(lv)(lv)色低(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)转(zhuan)型。在(zai)消费(fei)(fei)侧(ce)(ce)，坚(jian)持(chi)节约优(you)先，完(wan)善能(neng)(neng)耗和(he)(he)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排放管理制(zhi)(zhi)度，建立绿(lv)(lv)色能(neng)(neng)源消费(fei)(fei)促进机(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)；在(zai)生(sheng)产侧(ce)(ce)，建立绿(lv)(lv)色低(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)为(wei)(wei)导向(xiang)的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)源开发(fa)利用新机(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，各地(di)区均应优(you)先开发(fa)利用本地(di)清(qing)洁(jie)低(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)能(neng)(neng)源资源，积极构建清(qing)洁(jie)低(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)能(neng)(neng)源为(wei)(wei)主体的(de)(de)新型能(neng)(neng)源系统。”国家(jia)能(neng)(neng)源局法(fa)制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)体制(zhi)(zhi)改革(ge)司司长(zhang)朱(zhu)明(ming)表(biao)示。

从(cong)(cong)目(mu)(mu)前情况判断，我(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)石油(you)(you)(you)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)除在(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)热(re)等(deng)资(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)条件(jian)(jian)较特(te)殊的新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)利用(yong)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)具有(you)一定优(you)势(shi)外，在(zai)(zai)绿氢、深水(shui)风电(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)潜在(zai)(zai)可转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)领域尚未(wei)完全掌握核心技术，更未(wei)形成(cheng)相(xiang)关的比较优(you)势(shi)，短期内实施全面(mian)(mian)(mian)转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)成(cheng)本高(gao)昂且效果(guo)难料。其次(ci)(ci)，石油(you)(you)(you)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)不具备面(mian)(mian)(mian)向(xiang)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)全面(mian)(mian)(mian)转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)的资(zi)本条件(jian)(jian)。从(cong)(cong)投资(zi)角度(du)分析，企(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)向(xiang)新领域转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)方式主要包括并购、自建和(he)合资(zi)合作等(deng)，这些(xie)都(dou)要有(you)充足(zu)的资(zi)本准备。而2014年(nian)下(xia)(xia)半年(nian)至今，受国(guo)(guo)际油(you)(you)(you)价低(di)位(wei)波动(dong)等(deng)诸多(duo)因素影响，我(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)石油(you)(you)(you)央(yang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)主营(ying)业(ye)务(wu)盈(ying)利明(ming)(ming)显(xian)减弱(ruo)，无法(fa)为(wei)全面(mian)(mian)(mian)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)提供(gong)资(zi)本支持。从(cong)(cong)市场消(xiao)费层面(mian)(mian)(mian)分析，我(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)石油(you)(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)一次(ci)(ci)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)费中(zhong)总体保持稳定；天然气(qi)在(zai)(zai)一次(ci)(ci)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)费中(zhong)保持连(lian)续(xu)增长(zhang)态势(shi)。这表明(ming)(ming)在(zai)(zai)我(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)既有(you)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)资(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)禀赋下(xia)(xia)，从(cong)(cong)传统(tong)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)费到新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)费的转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)仍需较长(zhang)时间。从(cong)(cong)转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)角度(du)看，要审慎研究企(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)战略(lve)规划，为(wei)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)创造合理(li)路(lu)径。在(zai)(zai)战术层面(mian)(mian)(mian)，要明(ming)(ming)确能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)顺(shun)序，优(you)先发(fa)挥好天然气(qi)在(zai)(zai)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)中(zhong)的桥(qiao)梁作用(yong)，并在(zai)(zai)特(te)定地(di)(di)质(zhi)资(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)富集(ji)区优(you)化(hua)地(di)(di)热(re)等(deng)已有(you)的可再(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)项目(mu)(mu)，最后逐步探索向(xiang)风电(dian)(dian)(dian)、光(guang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)储(chu)能(neng)等(deng)其他业(ye)务(wu)的转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)发(fa)展。要结合现有(you)业(ye)务(wu)探索能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)(xing)，如将光(guang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)、光(guang)热(re)项目(mu)(mu)与(yu)(yu)蒸汽驱(qu)油(you)(you)(you)等(deng)提高(gao)采收率(lv)项目(mu)(mu)结合、海上风电(dian)(dian)(dian)技术与(yu)(yu)海上油(you)(you)(you)气(qi)勘(kan)探开发(fa)技术结合等(deng)。同时，也可以利用(yong)油(you)(you)(you)气(qi)田作业(ye)空间大的优(you)势(shi)，架设(she)太(tai)阳(yang)能(neng)和(he)风能(neng)发(fa)电(dian)(dian)(dian)设(she)备、实现多(duo)种能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)共同发(fa)展。

“就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)‘十(shi)四五’能(neng)(neng)(neng)源规划而言，‘清洁(jie)(jie)低(di)碳(tan)(tan)安全高效’8个字，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是现代能(neng)(neng)(neng)源体(ti)系核(he)心内涵(han)，同时也是对能(neng)(neng)(neng)源系统如何实(shi)现现代化的总体(ti)要(yao)求。‘十(shi)四五’是碳(tan)(tan)达峰(feng)的关键期、窗(chuang)口期，能(neng)(neng)(neng)源绿(lv)色低(di)碳(tan)(tan)发展是关键，重点(dian)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是做好增加清洁(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源供应(ying)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力的‘加法’和(he)减(jian)少能(neng)(neng)(neng)源产业(ye)链碳(tan)(tan)排放的‘减(jian)法’，推动形成绿(lv)色低(di)碳(tan)(tan)的能(neng)(neng)(neng)源消费(fei)模式，持续提升非化石(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源消费(fei)比重。”国(guo)家能(neng)(neng)(neng)源局规划司(si)司(si)长(zhang)李福(fu)龙表(biao)示。

能源转(zhuan)(zhuan)型不是百米冲刺，而是一场马(ma)拉松(song)，想要笑到最后，需(xu)要企(qi)业(ye)(ye)将(jiang)碳资(zi)产(chan)、碳金(jin)融、碳交易(yi)、碳排放等指(zhi)标纳入企(qi)业(ye)(ye)评价指(zhi)标，将(jiang)资(zi)源环境项目进(jin)行资(zi)产(chan)化(hua)重(zhong)新配置，并把(ba)低(di)碳绿色资(zi)产(chan)纳入企(qi)业(ye)(ye)资(zi)产(chan)负债表中，推动行业(ye)(ye)企(qi)业(ye)(ye)转(zhuan)(zhuan)型升(sheng)级(ji)。在碳中和目标约束(shu)下(xia)，石油石化(hua)等传统重(zhong)工业(ye)(ye)将(jiang)面临碳排放量(liang)大、污染防治难度大、发展空间受限等问(wen)题。这些问(wen)题和压力反过来将(jiang)倒逼(bi)整个行业(ye)(ye)进(jin)行技术升(sheng)级(ji)、设(she)备更(geng)新，为传统产(chan)业(ye)(ye)再现活力提供新契机(ji)。

在这(zhei)场波(bo)及全球的新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)之战中，我国石(shi)(shi)油央企(qi)正(zheng)脚踏(ta)实地推进能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)转型时(shi)间(jian)表与路线(xian)图：一(yi)是推进能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)结构清(qing)洁(jie)低碳(tan)(tan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，大(da)力(li)(li)(li)发展(zhan)低碳(tan)(tan)天然气产(chan)业，加速(su)布局氢能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、风能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、太阳能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、地热、生(sheng)(sheng)物质(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)、可再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)，实现从传统油气能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)向(xiang)洁(jie)净(jing)综合(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的融合(he)(he)发展(zhan)。二是大(da)力(li)(li)(li)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效，加强(qiang)全过程节能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管理(li)，淘汰落后产(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，大(da)幅(fu)(fu)降(jiang)低资源(yuan)(yuan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消耗强(qiang)度，全面提(ti)高(gao)(gao)综合(he)(he)利用(yong)效率，有效控制(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消耗总量。三是提(ti)升高(gao)(gao)端(duan)石(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)产(chan)品(pin)供给水平(ping)，积(ji)极(ji)开(kai)发优质(zhi)耐用(yong)可循环(huan)的绿色(se)石(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)产(chan)品(pin)，开(kai)展(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)态(tai)产(chan)品(pin)设(she)计(ji)，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)低碳(tan)(tan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)原料比例，减(jian)少(shao)产(chan)品(pin)全生(sheng)(sheng)命周(zhou)期碳(tan)(tan)足迹(ji)，带动上(shang)下游产(chan)业链(lian)碳(tan)(tan)减(jian)排。四(si)是加快部署二氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)捕集驱油和(he)封(feng)存项目(mu)、二氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)用(yong)作原料生(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工产(chan)品(pin)项目(mu)。积(ji)极(ji)开(kai)发碳(tan)(tan)汇项目(mu)，发挥生(sheng)(sheng)态(tai)补偿机制(zhi)作用(yong)，践行(xing)“绿水青(qing)山(shan)就是金山(shan)银山(shan)”的发展(zhan)理(li)念。五(wu)是加大(da)科技(ji)(ji)研(yan)发力(li)(li)(li)度，瞄准新(xin)一(yi)代清(qing)洁(jie)高(gao)(gao)效可循环(huan)生(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)工艺(yi)、节能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)减(jian)碳(tan)(tan)及二氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)循环(huan)利用(yong)技(ji)(ji)术(shu)、化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)清(qing)洁(jie)开(kai)发转化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)与利用(yong)技(ji)(ji)术(shu)等，增加科技(ji)(ji)创新(xin)投入，着力(li)(li)(li)突破一(yi)批核心和(he)关键技(ji)(ji)术(shu)，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)绿色(se)低碳(tan)(tan)标准。六是大(da)幅(fu)(fu)增加绿色(se)低碳(tan)(tan)投资强(qiang)度，加快清(qing)洁(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)基础设(she)施建设(she)，加强(qiang)碳(tan)(tan)资产(chan)管理(li)，积(ji)极(ji)参(can)(can)与碳(tan)(tan)排放权交易市场建设(she)，主动参(can)(can)与和(he)引领行(xing)业应对气候变(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)国际合(he)(he)作。